Humanitarian Cases in Africa Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Efficacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essays

Adequacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essays Adequacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essay Adequacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essay Chapter by chapter guide Contents Table of Contents1 Introduction2 Part I The Duty Drawback Scheme3 The Customs Act 19623 Part II Pros and Cons of the Scheme7 Pros7 Cons8 Part III Case Law8 Conclusion10 Bibliography12 Introduction With the essential target of boosting sends out, different plans like Export Oriented Units (EOUs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Duty Exemption Entitlement Schemes (DEECs), Manufacture under Bond and so on have been made accessible by the legislature to get contributions without the installment of customs obligation/extract obligation or to acquire discount of obligation paid on inputs. If there should arise an occurrence of focal extract, makers can profit Cenvat Credit of obligation paid on inputs and use the equivalent for installment of obligation on different merchandise sold in India, or they can get discount. Plans like assembling under bond are additionally accessible for customs. On comparative lines, makers or processors can likewise benefit of Duty Drawback Schemes. Here, the extract obligation and customs obligation paid on inputs is discounted to the exporter of completed item by method of ‘Duty Drawback’. Segment 75 of Customs Act accommodates disadvantage on materials utilized in assembling or preparing of fare item. Under Duty Drawback Schemes, help of customs and focal extract obligations endured on the data sources utilized in the assembling of fare item is permitted to exporters. The allowable obligation disadvantage sum is paid to exporters by saving it into their designated financial balance. It might be noticed that obligation downside under segment 75 is conceded when imported materials are utilized in the assembling of merchandise which are then traded, while obligation disadvantage under segment 74 is appropriate when imported products are re-sent out all things considered and the article is effectively recognizable. Segment 37 of Central Excise Act permits he Central Government to outline rules for reason for the Act. In exercise of these forces, The Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1995 have been encircled plotting the methodology to be followed with the end goal of award of obligation disadvantage by the Customs Authorities handling send out documentation. So as to s atisfy the goals of this paper, the paper has been structures as follows. In the first place, I have broke down the reason behind an obligation downside plot. Second, I have dug into the legal arrangements managing obligation disadvantage plans and pertinent standards. Third, I have made a correlation of the experts and the cons of an obligation disadvantage plot lastly, I have watched certain rules that have been set down through case law before offering my closing comments. Part I The Duty Drawback Scheme Duty downside plans, which commonly include a blend of obligation refunds and exceptions, are an element of numerous countries’ exchange systems. They are utilized in profoundly secured, creating economies as methods for giving exporters imported contributions at world costs, and in this manner expanding their seriousness, while keeping up the assurance on the remainder of the economy. A significant guideline in the toll of customs obligation is that the products ought to be devoured inside the nation of importation. On the off chance that the merchandise are not all that expended, yet are sent out of the nation, the expense of fare products gets unduly raised a record of rate of customs obligation. Hence to maintain a strategic distance from this acceleration of value obligation disadvantage plans look to expel the effect of customs obligation on imported products which are in the long run sent out. Inevitable exportation may occur because of: A. Merchandise are sent back to an outside nation Due to non similarity with required determinations * Trade-limitations in the nation of import * Primary motivation behind import was transitory maintenance B. Merchandise are utilized in the assembling of different items implied for send out The most recent reason for alleviation of import obligation paid is the point at which the products are eventually sent out. This facto r increased more noteworthy significance with the foundation of 100% Export Oriented Units where products made are essentially sent out to acquire outside trade. The Customs Act 1962 Section X of the Customs Act, 1962 arrangements with different parts of the obligation disadvantage conspire in India. Area 74 arrangements with merchandise which fall under Category An as depicted above and Section 75 arrangements with Category B. If there should be an occurrence of products which were prior imported on installment of obligation and are later looked to be re-sent out inside a predetermined period, customs obligation paid at the hour of import of the merchandise with certain cut can be asserted as obligation disadvantage by the exporter at the hour of fare of such merchandise. Such obligation downside is conceded as far as Section 74 of the Customs Act, 1962 read with Re-fare of Imported Goods (Drawback of Customs Duty) Rules, 1995. For this reason, at the hour of import, the character specifics of the products are recorded at the hour of assessment of import merchandise; at the hour of fare, cross check of the products under fare is finished with the assistance of related import archives to learn whether the products under fare are the ones which were imported before. Where the products are not placed into utilization after import, 98% of obligation downside is acceptable at the most extreme under Section 74 of the Customs Act, 1962. In situations where the products are placed into utilization in India after import however preceding its fare, obligation disadvantage is conceded on a sliding scale premise contingent on the degree of utilization of the merchandise. No obligation disadvantage is accessible if the merchandise are placed into utilization for a period surpassing three years after import. Application for obligation downside is required to be made inside 3 months from the date of fare of products. On the off chance that the essential components of Section 74 as featured in the pertinent reference are fulfilled, at that point the fare products are qualified for an installment of downside of a sum equivalent to 98%. Nonetheless, there are sure outer variables which can influence the pertinent conditions. As an end product to this recommendation, it would follow that the rate fixed by the Government would be appropriate for an endorsed period as it were. In the event that there is an) any variety in the pace of obligation paid on the info whether customs or extract obligation b) variety in the arrangement of the last item and c) change during the time spent production the pace of obligation previously fixed by the Government would not be pertinent. It would require to be overhauled. The obsession of a pace of disadvantage is, along these lines a ceaseless procedure and the business profiting of such office of downside is required to outfit constantly its costing and creation info rmation to the association endowed with the obligation of obsession of paces of disadvantage. It will be seen that on account of disadvantage under area 74 the measure of downside was identified with the genuine obligation paid on the merchandise. It didn't have any relationship to either the valuation of the products at the hour of exportation or the overall paces of obligation on the merchandise at the hour of fare. In any case, on account of area 75 disadvantages, since the character of the information sources which have endured customs or extract obligation by and large, is doused in the last item, there has been a need to connect the award of downside with the estimation of the merchandise sent out. It has along these lines been endorsed under stipulation to area 75(1) of the Customs Act that no downside of obligation will be permitted under this segment if: * the fare estimation of the completed merchandise or the class of products is not exactly the estimation of the imported material utilized in the assembling or preparing of such merchandise or doing any procedure on such merchandise or class of products: or * the fare esteem isn't more than such level of the estimation of the imported materials utilized in 1he production or handling of such merchandise or doing any procedure on such merchandise or class of merchandise as might be told by the Central Government; or * any disadvantage has been permitted on any merchandise and the deal continues in regard of such products are not gotten by or in the interest of the exporter in India inside the time permitted under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA). In such a case, the disadvantage will be considered never to hav e been permitted and the Central Government may, by rules made under sub-area (2) indicate the strategy for the recuperation or alteration of the measure of such downside. Under Duty Drawback Scheme, an exporter can decide on either an) All Industry Rate (AIR) of Duty Drawback Scheme or b) Brand Rate of Duty Drawback Scheme Significant segment of Duty Drawback is paid through AIR Duty Drawback Scheme which basically endeavors to repay exporters of different fare items for normal occurrence of Customs and Central Excise obligations endured on the information sources utilized in their assembling. Brand pace of obligation disadvantage is allowed as far as the Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1995 in situations where the fare item doesn't have any AIR or obligation downside rate, or where the AIR obligation downside rate informed is considered by the exporter deficient to make up for the Customs/Central Excise obligations endured on inputs utilized in the assembling of fare items. For merchandise having an AIR the brand rate office to specific exporters is accessible just in the event that it is set up that the pay via AIR is under 80% of the genuine obligations endured in the production of the fare merchandise. Part II Pros and Cons of the Scheme Pros The primary technique for empowering the fare of merchandise has been the downside of customs and the focal extract obligations on products made out of customs obligation paid and additionally focal extract obligation paid on data sources or crude materials. The Duty disadvantage plans are utilized in profoundly secured economies as intends to furnish exporters of fabricated products with imported contributions at world costs and in this manner expanding their gainfulness, while keeping up the insurance for household businesses that contend with imports. The decision of fare disadvantages is strengthened by universal guidelines, na

Finding Trans Authors In Your Favorite Genre

Finding Trans Authors In Your Favorite Genre This post originally ran May 24th, 2016. When I first tell someone that I write about books by trans people, I often get the reply that they would just  loooove  to bring trans authors into their reading life  but they just dont like reading memoirs. This is when I eat my fist to stop from yelling at the poor person. I suppose it isnt their fault  that memoirs have been the primary way for trans people to be published by any of the big publishing houses  and have therefore saturated the market of easily accessible books by trans authors, but Im consistently frustrated by the assumption that the list of trans authors is limited to Janet Mock, Jennifer Finney Boyan, and Julia Serano. If you are truly interested in bringing trans writers onto your reading list, a simple Google search for trans writers brings up a wide ocean of trans writers who are writing books that  arent  memoirs. (Not that Im knocking on memoirs: its the perception that trans authors only write memoirs that I knock.) Rather than sitting here gnashing my teeth and wailing about the over focus on trans memoirs, Ive put together a brief list to help readers find trans authors in the genres that they prefer. I want to be utterly clear on the point that this list is not at all a definitive list of trans authors but should rather be treated as a brief overview to help represent the astounding variety of work being done by trans authors (Its almost as if were a diverse and varied group of folks and not a single monolithic identity. Imagine that.). If theres someone who you want people to know of, I hope youll leave a comment below with their name. In creating this list Ive tried to draw in a variety of authors of different  levels of awareness in the public eye. The keen-eyed reader will notice that some authors appear  in multiple genre categories. This is just my attempt to represent the diversity that can exist within a single authors work. In order to keep the list short and readable I made the arbitrary choices to  only include writers who have published stand alone texts and have excluded academic or similar nonfiction. For simplicity in the list Ive linked the authors name to their website  and then included one of the books that fits into that particular genre. Childrens, Middle Grade, and Young Adult Fiction S. Bear Bergman  The Adventures of Tulip, Birthday Wish Fairy  This picture book introduces young readers to the world of Wish Fairies and transgender children with humor and kindness. Alex Gino    George  A sweet book for middle grade readers about Melissas quest to play Charlotte in her class production of  Charlottes Web  and to tell the world who she is. Meredith Russo    If I Was Your Girl  Amanda navigates the worlds of dating, friendship, prom, and family as a teenage trans woman in rural Tennessee. Rachel Eliason    The Best Boy Ever Made  Alecias world is turned upside down when she finds out that the boy she loves is a trans boy. Sassafras Lowrey    Roving Pack  Its the early 2000s and teenage Click lives in the world of punks, nonbinary genders, parties, and experiencing life. Personal and Literary Essays Incomplete Short Stories and Essays by Jamie Berrout Jamie Berrout    Incomplete Short Stories and  Essays  Berrouts essays dig deep into contemporary writing by trans authors and look to the future. S. Bear Bergman  Blood, Marriage, Wine, Glitter  In this collection Bergman talks about his experiences  with family and what that word can mean. Rae Spoon  and  Ivan E. Coyote    Gender Failure  Noted performers and artists Spoon and Coyote discuss what it means to them to be gender failures and how ultimately the gender binary fails us all. Short Stories God Loves Hair by Vivek Shraya Vivek Shraya    God Loves Hair  An early collection of Shrayas stories that draw from her own experiences to tell stories of diversity and life. Casey Plett    A Safe Girl to Love  These stories range from American cities to Canadian prairies while sharing the characters hard truths and joys. Jamie Berrout    Incomplete Short Stories and Essays  The fiction in this collection take on a range of themes and forms that explores oppression, literature, and life as a trans woman of color. General Fiction Sassafras Lowrey    Lost Boi  This take on  Peter Pan  transposes the story into punk houses and the various worlds of BDSM. Ryka Aoki    He Mele A Hilo: A Hilo Song  In Aokis Hawaii conversations about identity, religion, music, and love all come together as a mysterious entity moves to town. Jamie Berrout    Otros Valles  A novel  drawing  from literary fiction, memoir, and science fiction to tell the story  of a non-binary trans Latina lesbian looking for community and family in the Deep South. Rae Spoon    First Spring Grass Fire  This slim coming of age story tells a life of survival, Conservative Christian dogma, and gender. Vivek Shraya    She of the Mountains  With roots in Hindu mythology Shrayas illustrated novel explores the relationship of body and self and how  we experience cultural expectations of gender and sexuality. Sybil Lamb    Ive Got a Time Bomb  A traumatic head injury complicates Sybil’s surreal journey through cities  of trans women, sex, and drugs. Honestly I’m not even sure how to begin describing this book. Imogen Binnie    Nevada   A modern on-the-road story about Maria Griffiths, your typical fuck-up trans girl in Brooklyn who steals her girlfriends car to drive across America with a whole bunch of drugs. Jeanne Thornton    The Dream of Doctor Bantam This love story follows tough seventeen-year-old Julie Thatch as she falls for a woman who belongs to a strange cult. Speculative, Sci-Fi, and Fantasy Fiction Brew by Dane Figueroa Edidi Dane Figueroa Edidi    Brew  Arjana’s life is Baltimore is complicated enough already with high school, being trans, and witchcraft, but things get even stranger as her powerful mother is threatened by dark forces. Jan Morris    Hav A fictional travelogue exploring the strange and ancient Mediterranean city of Hav. R.J. Eliason    Bear Naked Amanda lives in a world of neo-paganism and Renaissance faires but what happens when her boyfriend might be a werewolf? Travel Writing Jan Morris    The World: Life and Travel 1950-2000 Half a century of Jan Morris’ celebrated and beloved non-fiction is now collected into one volume that travels from the handover of Hong Kong to the trial of Adolf Eichmann in Israel. Memoir Cooking in Heels by Ceyenne Doroshow Jan Morris    Conundrum Morris’ memoir is the story of one trans woman’s experiences coming out and transitioning in the early 1970s. Ceyenne Doroshow    Cooking in Heels: A Memoir Cookbook Doroshow weaves together tales of family with her own recipes. Poetry Tyler Vile  Never Coming Home This novel in verse tells a story of life, family, and disability, against the backdrop of a never finished mansion. Charles Theonia    Which One is the Bridge Brief stories of avoiding cops, building a home, falling in love, and living in modern day Brooklyn. Lilith Latini    Improvise, Girl, Improvise These sharp and clever poems introduce a range of trans women characters. Ryka Aoki    Why Dust Shall Never Settle On My Soul At turns funny and ruthless as Aoki explores experiences of loss. Jamie Berrout    Desire and the Scent of Guava Berrout’s collection looks back at her experiences with love and intimacy as a trans woman of color entering into a relationship. Make Love to Rage by Robyn Morgan Collado Morgan Robyn Collado    Make Love to Rage This collection carries the reader through the rage of injustice to the soothing end of love. b. binaohan  i just want freedom Short prose-poems and epigrams on liberation. Vivek Shraya    even this page is white Shraya’s debut collection takes on the difficult topic of race and its various intersections with queerness, art, desire, and more. Trish Salah    Wanting in Arabic Salah looks back for a home she never knew and asks questions of sexual desire and identity. Cam Awkward Rich    Transit These poems push us through Rich’s memories and past. Sara June Woods    Wolf Doctors Surreal stories of transmutation and lovers.

The Invention Of Cinema And Film Reel - 1920 Words

When thinking about cinema, the first image that often comes to mind is that of a film reel, or a projector in a dark screen, not dissimilar to the one opening Bergman s Persona (1966). Although originally indicating the physical medium on which moving images were fixated, the word â€Å"film† quickly evolved to mean motion pictures; for decades, cinema and film were not considered as two separate ideas. Over the years, the link between this art form and material elements has been reinforced on a more theoretical level by the assertions of critics such as Kracauer, to whom â€Å"Films come into their own when they record and reveal physical reality.(Kracauer, 1997); Stanley Cavell also highlights the intrinsic realism that belongs even to the†¦show more content†¦It features an everyday character, Neo, who gains the ability to bend and transform the reality around him, after finding out the reality he lived in was nothing but a limited fraction of the possibilities around him. He obtains his power by making a bold choice, taking the iconic red pill and entering â€Å"the rabbit hole†. A possible interpretation for the suggestive analogy would see the Wachowskis, or more broadly the â€Å"generation X† directors, taking the metaphorical pill and choosing to gain the power to control and manipulate the images on the screen more than it was ever possible before, and the directing duo of the Matrix trilogy brilliantly succeeded at exploring new frontiers of filmmaking. A perfect example of this is the Bullet-Time effect, expression created by its own inventor John Gaeta, who worked with Manex Visual Effects for The Matrix s digital effects. It originally refers to a scene where the protagonist is able to dodge the agents bullets at an extreme speed; to deliver this the directors chose an extreme slow motion effect in which the camera could freely move while the action was frozen, thus deliberately playing with the audience s expectations and previous knowledge of the limits of camerawork; it was directly inspired by Otomo Katushiro s view-morphing techniques (Gaeta, 2006). This sequence works thanks toShow MoreRelatedFilm hw 1 Essay1078 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction to Film History, Module 1 Homework Assignment, taught by Professor Stephanie Sandifer. Directions: Using word processing software to save and submit your work, please answer the following short answer questions. All responses to questions should be one to two paragraphs, composed of five to seven sentences, in length. Your responses should include examples from the reading assignments. 1. Explain the role of the Kinetoscope during the period of cinemas invention. How did the KinetoscopeRead MoreFilm Review : Making A Film1181 Words   |  5 PagesMaking a film takes a very complex process. This is why films sometimes take months and even years to make. Filmmaking is always broken up into 5 steps. Filmmaking takes a process of the development of the film, the pre-production, production, the post-production, and distribution. This is when the production begins to take shape. Ideas for the film are created and the screenplay is written and edited. During this part of the process financing is planned out and looked at what can be afforded, whatRead MoreThe Film Industry And Its Impact On The Entertainment Industry971 Words   |  4 Pages The medium of cinema has been around for almost 130 years and has dramatically advanced due to brilliant minds of innovation in art, math and science. The early 1900’s were some of the most pivotal years for the U.S. film in dustry, marking the inclusion of sound at the movies one of the most dramatic changes in all of film history. At first the concept of synchronized sound had many studios worried about the economic risk. As history goes on to prove, anything that requires growth and change, includesRead MoreEssay on Discussion of the early pioneers of moving pictures1752 Words   |  8 Pagesand D.W Griffith built on early films by the Lumiere brothers and George Melies. Use examples from the oeuvre of each filmmaker to substantiate your argument. This essay will outline an introduction to the premature years of motion pictures and developments that helped shape cinema as we know it today. This paper will explore the roles of the early pioneers and the extent to which their contributions shaped cinema. In particular, it will look atRead More Holography: From Physics to The Big Screen Essay837 Words   |  4 PagesThe technical evolution of film industry is one notable feature of modern civilization. The innovation of combining motion pictures with recorded sound. Black-and-white film gradually replaced by the colour motion picture film and the visual effect involve the integration of live-action footage and computer generated imagery to create a scenes which look realistic, but would be dangerous, costly or impossible to be recorded and the popularization of three-dimensional cinema. The developments of techniqueRead MoreThe Impact of Cinematography on Our Life Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesIn today’s society, film i s seen as a major form of entertainment that can also be used to convey certain messages and themes. An aspect of film that is often missed or taken for granted is the impact of cinematography. Cinematography is the art of motion picture photography. Over the years, cinematography has proven itself to be a major contribution to film, furthering its artistic value and evolving as time changes. In the beginning, when film was still an emerging form of technology, expressionRead MoreFilm Production Of Film Films1886 Words   |  8 Pages The history of film began in the 1890s, when motion picture cameras were invented and film production companies started to be established. Because of the limits of technology, films of the 1890s were under a minute long and until 1927 motion pictures were produced without sound. The first decade of motion picture saw film moving from a novelty to an established large-scale entertainment industry. The films became several minutes long consisting of several shots. The first rotating camera for takingRead MoreThe Scottish and International Film Industrys Contribution to the Development of Scottish Identity in the Last Part of the Twentieth Century1302 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scottish and International Film Industrys Contribution to the Development of Scottish Identity in the Last Part of the Twentieth Century When people hear the word Scotland there is, as said by C McArthur (2003:59)Diverse images and narratives right down to particular words and phrases that immediately come into their head. These images may it be of tartan, misty landscapes, bagpipes or castles contribute to how Scotland is portrayed and create what is known as a Scottish Read MoreMy Museum Of World Religions Essay1575 Words   |  7 Pagesthen onto screens. In our photography room, you will see a historic microscopic image-capturing device, it is used to align a lantern slide to a microscope and is used to project images from the lantern slides. â€Å"In the 1840’s an adaption of this invention was used to print a positive image onto a second pane of glass, thus the beginning of the black and white photo image using the Magic Lantern projector and being dubbed the hyalotyping. Early slides were made using albumen, in which to coat theRead MoreAmerica’s Domination of the Film Industry693 Words   |  3 Pages Looking at the film industry as we now know it, it’s hard to imagine that America wasn’t always the film producing machine we see it as now. Yet, when we begin looking at all the technological advances that took place in film over time and the events which occurred during these periods, it was a complex journey. In the following essay we are going to discuss why I believe that the wars faced both foreign and domestic played the biggest factor in the American Film industry’s rise to dominance by

Naguib Mahfouz’s Zaabalawi Essay - 516 Words

Naguib Mahfouz’s Zaabalawi The Islamic tradition, as reflected in Naguib Mahfouz’s Zaabalawi, has over the course of history had an incredible impact on Arab culture. In Mahfouz’s time, Islamic practices combined with their political relevance proved a source of both great power and woe in Middle Eastern countries. As alluded to in Zaabalawi, Mahfouz asserts the fact that not all Muslims attain religious fulfillment through this common tradition, and other methods outside the scope of Islam may be necessary in true spiritual understanding. My project emphasizes this spiritual tension by presenting a wineglass inscribed with Qur’anic verses. By examining the purpose and structure of this wineglass, the truth of Mahfouz’s†¦show more content†¦In accordance with these symbols of essence, the Qur’anic script around the wineglass also proves applicable to Zaabalawi. It reads, phonetically: â€Å"Iqra/ warabbuka al-akramu, Allathee AAallama bialqalami.† Or in English: â€Å"Recite in the name of the Lord, who has taught by the pen.† This is a passage from the 96th Surah, Al-A’laq in the Qur’an. Such references to writings and penmanship highlight the importance of calligraphic beauty in such a society. Muslims believe that it is important to read the Qur’an in Arabic. Their religion teaches that God intentionally presented the holy book to Arabs because their language holds a secret beauty and truth not found in others. Thus, if one is to complete the task of reading the Qur’an, it must be done in Arabic or with a corresponding Arabic text. For this reason, I wrote in Arabic script around the glass because its translation would be incomplete otherwise. Furthermore, the first command of Allah is â€Å"Recite!† This is reflected in the Muslim appreciation for both the oral recitation and visual replication of the Qur’an. Calligraphy, as a creative expression of the Qur’an, has become a predominant art form in many Muslim countries. The calligrapher in Zaabalawi, in fact, has had much contact with true spirituality in his mastery of the Arabic script. Therefore, my act of inscribing Islamic verses would, in their culture, be considered a type of prayer and homage

Concepts Answers Free Essays

Marginal revenue is the additional revenue that a firm obtains by selling one more unit. Marginal cost is the cost of hiring one more unit of labor or the cost of producing one more unit of output. Marginal revenue product is the additional revenue we obtain by hiring one more unit of labor. We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts Answers or any similar topic only for you Order Now When we incur a marginal cost our hope it that is will generate marginal revenue product which exceeds the cost. Hence the marginal revenue will exceed our marginal cost. 4. Distinguish between economic and financial capital. Economic capital resources include all items that man manufactures by combining natural and unman resources like buildings, equipment, roads, and bridges. Financial capital is a dollar value claim on economic capital. Financial capital would include cash, deeds of trust, mortgages, loan papers, stocks, and bonds. 5. Discuss the value of the entrepreneur. What distinguishes the entrepreneur from the labor resource? Why are entrepreneurs unique? Entrepreneurial resources consist of the ideas of individuals, who assume risk and begin business enterprises. The entrepreneur combines natural, human, and capital resources to produce a good or service that we value more than the individual components. Without the entrepreneur, the other resources would not normally be combined, except for subsistence (I . E. , the resources that are just sufficient to sustain life). The entrepreneur seeks to make a profit when using his ideas. When we look at overall payments, the mental talents of people in the form of the entrepreneur normally exceed the wages that are paid for labor. The owner of a professional sports team, the entrepreneur, will normally make more than any player on that team. Of course, the more brilliant the idea and its ultimate appeal to the buyer of the good or service, he more profit that will accrue to the entrepreneur. 6. What is opportunity cost? An opportunity cost is the highest value that is surrendered when a decision is made; it is never the decision, which is made. It is a quantifiable term. 7. What makes up gross income? All of the money received from all sources during the year. This includes wages, tips, interest earned on savings and bonds, income from rental property, profits to entrepreneurs, and any other source of income an individual may have. 8. Compare progressive, regressive, and proportional taxes. Give at least one example of each type of ax. Progressive taxes are taxes that take a larger percentage of your income as your income increases. Regressive taxes are taxes that take a higher percentage of your income as your income decreases. Proportional taxes are taxes where the percentage paid stays the same, regardless of income. Examples include progressive income taxes, regressive sales taxes, and proportional property taxes. 9. What is the law of supply? The law of supply states that as the payment or price of an item increases, coteries Paramus, we will supply more of that item. 0. What is a supply table? How do you obtain supply curve from a supply table? A supply table is a listing of the quantities of some variable, which will be supplied at various prices in the market place. The supply curve is obtained by horizontally summing the quantities supplied by different suppliers at each price in the market. 11. What is t he law of demand? The Law of Demand states that if all other factors are constant, as the price for an item decreases, people will demand more of that item, coteries Paramus. 12. Explain the concept of a surplus of money versus a shortage of money. When the supply of money saved exceeds the demand for money, here is a surplus of money; then institutions (banks, credit unions, savings and loans, etc. ) will pay less for savings, and interest rates will begin to fall. When the demand for money exceeds the supply, there is a shortage of money and interest rates will be bid up in the market as institutions attempt to obtain more money. 13. What is the Federal Reserve? What are the Feud’s three tools for controlling the money supply? The Federal Reserve is the Central Bank of the United States. The three tools for controlling the money supply are the discount rate, the reserve requirements ratio, and federal open market operations. 4. What is risk? What is the difference between systematic and unsystematic risk? Risk involves the probability that the actual return on an investment will be different from the desired return. Systematic risk is that risk which is associated with economic, political, and sociological changes that affect all participants on a near equal basis. Unsystematic risk is that risk that is unique to an individual, firm, or industry. EXERCISES AND PROBLEMS 1. Carry Yogi’s Lounge consists of the following. Carry, the owner believed that people would come to hear a band play on Friday, Saturday, and Sunday evening. During the remainder of the week, she believed her customers would watch sporting events on several television sets located throughout the lounge. Carry employed two bartenders, three servers, two assistant servers, two cooks, one dishwasher and a clean-up person. She had a bar, 15 barstools, 4 tables, 40 chairs, 4 television Sets, and one satellite dish. She had an oven, stove, grill, refrigerator, sinks, dishes, and glassware. Carry started this business with $50,000 of her own money, and she borrowed $1 50,000 from the bank. From this description, list each of the scarce resources that are used in Carry Yogi’s Lounge. Entrepreneurial resource: Carry Yoke. Labor resources: 2 bartenders, 3 servers, 2 assistant servers, 2 cooks, 1 dishwasher, and a clean-up person. Economic capital resources: 1 bar, 15 bar stools, 4 tables, 40 chairs, 4 television sets, one satellite dish, oven, stove, grill, refrigerator, sinks, dishes, and glassware. Financial capital resources: $50,000 of her own money and $1 50,000 from the bank. . Joe Fixity has an appliance repair business. He has more business than he can handle and wants to hire another repair person. Joe estimates that three appliances can be repaired each hour by a qualified person. Joe bills out labor at $45 per hour, but he stipulates that the minimum charge for appliance repair estimates is $30 plus parts. What is the marginal revenue product of a qualifi ed repair person? 3 appliance repairs per hour times $30 = $90 marginal revenue product. What is the maximum hourly wage that he would pay an employee? Therefore, since we bring in an additional $90 per hour by hiring one more repair person, the maximum wage we would pay is $90. 3. Sam Smith is currently employed as a mechanical engineer and is paid $65,000 per year plus benefits that are equal to 30% of his salary. Sam wants to begin a consulting rim and decides to leave his current job. After his first year in business, Cam’s accountant informed him that he had made $45,000 with his consulting business. Sam also notices that he paid $6,000 for a health insurance policy, which was his total benefit during his first year. What was Cam’s opportunity cost? Sam gave up $65,000 in salary plus $19,500 in benefits roar total of $84,500. 4. Sara Lee just graduated from college with a degree in accounting. She had five job offers: Bean counters CPA, $35,000; Assets R us, $27,000; The Debit store, $30,000; J G’s Spa’s, $33,000; and The Double Entry Shop, $40,000. What was her opportunity cost if she accepted the job with The Double Entry Shop? Sara gave up Bean counters CPA at $35,000 which was the highest value surrendered. 5. Sam Club earned $50,000 and paid taxes of $10,000. Samaritan Heart earned $60,000 and paid taxes of $12,000. If these taxes were paid to the same government agency, is the tax on income progressive, regressive, or proportional? Why did you reach this conclusion? As show below these taxes are proportional because they both paid the same percentage of their income in taxes. 6. You read an article in this mornings paper that stated inflation was accelerating and would reach six percent this year. If the FED believes this statement and it has set a goal of three percent inflation, what will it likely do at the next meeting of the Federal Open Market Committee? They would most likely raise the discount rate, the federal funds rate, or both. They could also sell more government securities to decrease the money supply. 7. A friend came into your office and said that his bank was out to kill small businesses. You asked him what he meant by this remark, and he said that he read an article that said his bank had just loaned $10 million to a major automobile manufacturer at a rate of 3 percent, which is less than prime. But your friend just borrowed $50,000 from the same bank and they charged him prime plus four percent, or 7. Percent. Your friend has been in business for two years, and last year he had a loss of $2,000. How can you explain this difference in interest rate to your friend? The bank charges interest based upon risk The probability of the automobile manufacturer defaulting on the loan is very remote; therefore, they get a favorable interest rate from the bank. Since your friend lost money last year and since over 40 percent of all m all businesses fail in the first five years, the bank’s risk is much higher and therefore they will charge a higher interest rate. How to cite Concepts Answers, Papers Concepts Answers Free Essays What is database? Q Answers A database is a logically coherent collection of data with some inherent meaning, representing some aspect of real world and which is designed, built and populated with data for a specific purpose. 2. What is DBMS? It is a collection of programs that enables user to create and maintain a database. We will write a custom essay sample on Concepts Answers or any similar topic only for you Order Now In other words it is general-purpose software that provides the users with the processes of defining, constructing and manipulating the database for various applications. 3. What is a Database system? The database and DBMS software together is called as Database system. 4. Advantages of DBMS? Redundancy is controlled. Unauthorised access is restricted. Providing multiple user interfaces. Enforcing integrity constraints. Providing backup and recovery. 5. Disadvantage in File Processing System? Data redundancy inconsistency. Difficult in accessing data. Data isolation. Data integrity. Concurrent access is not possible. Security Problems. 6. Describe the three levels of data abstraction? The are three levels of abstraction: Physical level: The lowest level of abstraction describes how data are stored. Logical level: The next higher level of abstraction, describes what data are stored in database nd what relationship among those data. View level: The highest level of abstraction describes only part of entire database. 7. Define the â€Å"integrity rules† There are two Integrity rules. Entity Integrity: States that â€Å"Primary key cannot have NULL value† Referential Integrity: States that â€Å"Foreign Key can be either a NULL value or should be Primary Key value of other relation. 8. What is extension and intension? Extension – It is the number ot tuples present in a table at any instance. This is time dependent. Intension – It is a constant value that gives the name, structure of table and the constraints laid n it. 9. What is System R? What are its two major subsystems? System R was designed and developed over a period of 1974-79 at IBM San Jose Research Center. It is a prototype and its purpose was to demonstrate that it is possible to build a Relational System that can be used in a real life environment to solve real life problems, with performance at least comparable to that of existing system. Its two subsystems are Research Storage System Relational Data System. 0. How is the data structure of System R different from the relational structure? Unlike Relational systems in System R Domains are not supported Enforcement of candidate key uniqueness is optional Enforcement of entity integrity is optional Referential integrity is not enforced 11. What is Data Independence? Data independence means that â€Å"the application is independent of the storage structu re and access strategy of data†. In other words, The ability to modify the schema definition in one level should not affect the schema definition in the next higher level. Two types of Data Independence: Physical Data Independence: Modification in physical level should not affect the logical level. Logical Data Independence: Modification in logical level should affect the view level. NOTE: Logical Data Independence is more difficult to achieve 12. What is a view? How it is related to data independence? A view may be thought of as a virtual table, that is, a table that does not really exist in its own right but is instead derived from one or more underlying base table. In other words, there is no stored file that direct represents the view instead a definition of view is stored in data dictionary. Growth and restructuring of base tables is not reflected in views. Thus the view can insulate users from the effects of restructuring and growth in the database. Hence accounts for logical data independence. 3. What is Data Model? A collection of conceptual tools for describing data, data relationships data semantic cs and constraints. 14. What is E-R model? This data model is based on real world that consists of basic objects called entities and of relationship among these objects. Entities are described in a database by a set ot attributes. 15. What is Object Oriented model? This model is based on collection of objects. An object contains values stored in instance variables with in the object. An object also contains bodies of code that operate on the object. These bodies of code are called methods. Objects that contain ame types of values and the same methods are grouped together into classes. 16. What is an Entity? It is a ‘thing’ in the real world with an independent existence. 17. What is an Entity type? It is a collection (set) of entities that have same attributes. 18. What is an Entity set? It is a collection of all entities of particular entity type in the database. 19. What is an Extension of entity type? The collections of entities of a particular entity type are grouped together into an entity set. 20. What is Weak Entity set? An entity set may not have sufficient attributes to form a primary key, and its primary ey compromises of its partial key and primary key of its parent entity, then it is said to be Weak Entity set. 21 . What is an attribute? It is a particular property, which describes the entity. 22. What is a Relation Schema and a Relation? A relation Schema denoted by R(AI, A2, †¦ , An) is made up of the relation name R and the list of attributes Ai that it contains. A relation is defined as a set of tuples. Let r be the relation which contains set tuples (tl, t2, t3, tn). Each tuple is an ordered list of n-values t=(v1,v2, vn). 23. What is degree of a Relation? It is the number of attribute of its relation schema. 24. What is Relationship? It is an association among two or more entities. 25. What is Relationship set? The collection (or set) of similar relationships. 26. What is Relationship type? Relationship type detlnes a set ot associations or a relationship set among a given set of entity types. 27. What is degree of Relationship type? It is the number of entity type participating. How to cite Concepts Answers, Papers

Power of Simile free essay sample

The Power of Simile Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare seems to choose his words with care. Although written in a formal style, the author fabricated a colorful play with the use of metaphors, imagery, and iambic pentameter by cautiously placing the words in order to fulfill a certain rhythm; however, Shakespeare exhibits a somewhat distinct use of simile throughout Macbeth (Hudson). As stated by the Oxford Dictionary, a simile is a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind. In order words, a simile is the comparison of two or more unlike things Hudson). The author exercises simile by conveying a concept to the reader and portraying a picture to be more emphatic or vivid than it is especially in the following scenes: when he describes the battle between Norway and Scotland, when he describes the fervor with which Macbeth and Banquo fght in the beginning of the tale, and when he describes the murderers that he hires to eliminate Banquo (Hudson). We will write a custom essay sample on Power of Simile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Shakespeare conveys the concept of the battle between Norway and Scotland by using simile. Doubtful it stood, as two spent swimmers that do cling together and choke their art (l. ii. 7). Here, the Captain tells King Duncan that the armies were like two effete swimmers clutching each other for their lives. At the commencement of the play, Shakespeare seems to use a significant amount of similes in order to make the reader visualize the battle. The author attempts to relate similar ideas that may be known to the reader in order to explain the occurring event. Shakespeare depicts the force Macbeth and Banquo used to fight the counterattack of the Norwegian King vividly by using simile. They were as cannons overcharged with double cracks, so they doubled strokes upon the foe (1. . 35). Here, the Captain tells King Duncan that Macbeth and Banquo fought Norway with double force. The Captain then compares Macbeth and Banquo to cannons with double ammunition. Shakespeare also seems to use imagery, but in an emphatic way. The author shows emphasis by describing Macbeth and Banquo as if they were cannons; he compels the reader to understand the degree of intensity at the time of the battle. The use of the simile also portrays the Captain to be passionate about the battle. Shakespeare showcases a unique use of simile that is not exercised by many oets; he periodically builds a simile on the same plan (Hudson). As hounds and greyhounds, mongrels, spaniels, curs, Shoughs, water-rugs and demi-wolves, are clept0 All by the name of dogs. The valued file Distinguishes the swift, the slow, the subtle, The housekeeper, the hunter, every one According to the gift which bounteous nature0 Hath in him closed; whereby he does receive, Particular addition from the bill That writes the m all alike. And so of men. Not i the worst rank of manhood, say t, And I will put that business in your bosoms, Whose execution takes your enemy off, Grapples you to the heart and love of us, Who wear our health but sickly in his life, Which in his death were perfect (111. 1. 92-108). Here, the author starts with Macbeth calling the murderers part of the species called men, therefore saying that the murderers can act on revenge. He then elucidates his statement further by giving a comparison to dogs; that Just like men, dogs have their own species, for example, mongrels and spaniels. Shakespeare then builds on the simile by writing a couple of lines that expanded the simile but also linked the simile to the first statement.